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The New Testament as It Was Originally Understood:
The King on the Cross in the Context of the Roman Empire

by Michael Hoffman

Initial outline toward a draft

November 5, 2006

I'll resume work on this article and my book in December 2007.

Contents

Introduction and Methodology. 4

The New Testament Is the Only Way to Terminate Modern-era Evangelical Christianity. 4

Integrating the Key Aspects: Ahistoricity intertwined with social-political intertwined with mystic-altered-state (Holy Spirit) insight 6

Understanding the New Testament Is of Top Importance. 8

New Paradigm Identifies What Type of Literature the New Testament Is. 9

New Testament Meaning Is a Snapshot of Changing Objectives, Strategies, and Parties. 9

New Testament Canon and Roman Imperial Ideology as the Directing Contexts for Interpretation  10

How are we to think of the New Testament?  How should we see it?  What sort of thing is it?  10

Is the Bible concerned with religious truth and salvation?. 10

Post-modern = replacing historicity by "altered state for alternative State" 11

Understanding the New Testament Requires These Integrated Ideas. 11

Main Missing Components: Imperial Theology, Entheogen Theory, Ahistoricity/Metaphor 11

How the altered state was used for group solidarity or for imperial cult support 11

The true origin of New Testament Christianity and its Jesus figure. 11

Critique of Existing Alternative Theories of the New Testament 11

Astrotheology Not an End In Itself 11

Conventional Entheogen Theories. 12

On comparisons. 12

Simplistic assumption of true or false; simplistic conception of "debunking" 12

Misuse of idea/term "belief" and "apocalyptic expectation" 13

Book: Reinventing Jesus. 13

Sandmel's book "A Jewish Understanding of the New Testament" 14

Limits of Existing Treatments of Ahistoricity of Jesus and Paul 14

Entire Roman empire and all its cultures as context (not just Palestine or paganism) 14

Ahistoricity and Alternative History of Christian Origins. 14

Summary of the highly developed ahistoricity component 14

Errors resulting from the ahistoricity-only assessment 15

Modern misreadings of the intended meaning in New Testament books. 15

Purpose, Nature, Genre of New Testament and Its Books. 15

Is the New Testament genre biography of historical individuals?. 16

Doctrinal Strategy of Jesus' Presence in the Flesh. 16

Ahistoricity of Jesus and Paul, Metaphor, Genre/Type of writings. 17

Jesus Christ figure as rebuttal by twists on Julius Caesar and Titus accounts. 17

Medieval Understandings of the New Testament 18

Paul/Balaam parallels. 18

Pauline inauthenticity. 18

Literary creation as re-interpretation. 19

Late Chronology of the New Testament 19

Paul as contended authorial figure. 19

Ahistoricity of all the figures: Jesus, Paul, and Peter 19

Christianity as Negation of Imperial Theology. 19

Emperor Cult included dissociative Mysteries initiation. 19

Imperial theology, Caesar's rule, Pax Romana justified by ecstatic state. 22

Jesus terms co-opted from Caesar cult 25

Altar sacrifice pouring a libation of unmixed wine. 25

How did a Jewish, outsider religion take over the pagan world?. 25

Roman empire was broader context of meaning for New Testament Christianity. 26

Roman imperial theology, imperial cult, and ruler cult 27

Slave rebellions. 27

Alternative society networked like synagogues, then top-down takeover 27

Derivation vs. surface dress, of the New Testament 27

Pop sayings explained in their original cultural context 28

"Jesus is lord" (Caesar/ego are not the controller) 28

"Jesus as savior" (despite imperial claims of Caesar as savior) 28

Summary of the highly developed sociopolitical component 28

Errors resulting from the sociopolitical-only assessment 28

The Strategic Rightness of Redacting the Marcionite Writings. 28

New Testament Camps as Political Strategy Pact Positioned Against Roman imperial system   29

Modernizing Assumptions and Projecting Compartmentalization. 29

Hierarchical Nature of Associations Except Christian Assemblies. 29

Jesus storyline partly based on Julius Caesar storyline. 29

New Testament Not an Isolated Statement/System.. 30

Imperial Theology. 30

Co-optation and counter-cooptation of literature and stories; Julius Caesar (J.C.), Augustus Caesar, Josephus, Titus, Philo. 30

Roman Saturnalia and the Release of Jesus Bar-abbas. 30

Entire roman empire as New Testament context 30

Ruler cult 30

Imperial theology. 31

Pax Romana. 31

Honor/shame hierarchy. 31

Captive-exchange, re-purchasing freedom, economics of freedom & slavery. 31

Benefits of Christian membership, around the takeover era. 31

The version of the mystery religion based on ruler cult 31

Sociopolitical Counter-theorizing Supported by Full Mystic Religion Initiation System.. 31

Political aspects of Jewish picture of relation of god & kings. 31

New Testament/Old Testament relation: use of Old Testament deep political/religious principles and Old Testament surface themes. 31

Mythic/political pseudo-history in Jewish scriptures and in Roman myth & literature.